Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas
UNIDAD ASOCIADA "SISTEMAS AGROFORESTALES": ESTACIÓN FITOPATOLÓXICA DO AREEIRO - MISIÓN BIOLÓGICA DE GALICIA
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Home » Publications » Papers in scientific journals and popular science publications» 2004




4196
Efficiency of Pesticides on the control of Cosetacus camelliae
American Camelia Yearbook 2004 American Camellia Society. Pp: 57-60.


R. Pérez Otero¹, J. Pedro Mansilla Vázquez¹²,M.C. Salinero Corral¹

¹ Excma. Diputación de Pontevedra. Servicio Agrario. Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, E-36153 Pontevedra, Spain

² Departamento de producción vegetal, Universidad de santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario, E-27002 Lugo, Spain






ABSTRACT:     Camellia was introduced in Galicia in the 19th century. Its culture was spread, especially in southern Galicia. Camellia exhibitions and societies have also contributed to increase the importance of this shrub, not only in Galicia, but also in other areas in Spain. Since the end of the 19th century camellia nurseries have been gradually established in Galicia, and the destination of camellia plant production was first restricted to Galicia. However, in the last ten years camellia nurseries experienced a great development and at present more than 20 nurseries are exporting plants into Europe. Due to the increasing importance of this shrub in our region, studies on the effects of pests and diseases on camellia were initiated (Mansilla et al 1991, Mansilla, et al 2002). Among the various pests found on camellia, eryophids are one of the most important (Pérez, 2003). The eryophid mite Cosetacus camelliae Keifer is reported to cause important damages on camellia flowers (Mansilla, 1991). This insect develops in the flower bud causing the sepal to dry and a premature flower bud drop. In the late 90s, it was reported to cause damages in 90% of the camellia plants growing in our region (Mansilla, et al 2002). In the present work, an assay on the efficiency of several pesticides in the control of this eryophid population was performed.




4195
Phytopathogenic Nematodes associated with Camellia genus in Galicia (NW Spain)
American Camelia Yearbook 2004 American Camellia Society. Pp: 71 - 75.


A. Abelleira¹, J. Pedro Mansilla¹², A. Picoaga, M.C. Salinero

¹ Excma. Diputación de Pontevedra. Servicio Agrario. Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, E-36153 Pontevedra, Spain

² Departamento de producción vegetal, Universidad de santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario, E-27002 Lugo, Spain






ABSTRACT:     Galicia, the value of camellias as ornamental plants has been very important. The ornamental species more cultivated in this region are C. japonica, C. reticulata, C. sasanqua and their hybrids. These plants can be seen in every garden, no matter the smallest they can be, may also be enjoyed in public gardens, are seen growing along the streets and surrounding public buildings in minute soil beds (Salinero et al. 2004). Due to the importance attained by camellias in Galicia since more than 20 years ago, studies on the pathogen organisms affecting camellias in Galicia have been carried out (Mansilla et al 1991, Mansilla, et al 2002). However, until now nematodes have not been included in these studies. Worldwide studies on plant parasitic nematodes associated with camellias as an ornamental culture (Clairns & Self, 1958; Barriga, 1965) are scarce. Most of these studies are referred to Camellia sinensis, whose production is the most important since their leaves produce tea beverage. A survey was performed in the gardens of our region to determine, among other organisms, the presence of soil nematodes. In the present work, only the nematode genera have been determined because of the great diversity found. At present, studies are being carried out to identify the species of nematodes present in camellia. Foliar nematodes were not considered in the present work since there is not any reference of the occurrence of these pathogens in camellia.





3375
Effects of Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Root Morphology and Nursery Production of Three Grapevine Rootstocks
American Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 55: 108-111, 2004


Olga Aguín¹, J. Pedro Mansilla¹²,Anton Vilariño³, María J. Sainz²

¹ Excma. Diputación de Pontevedra. Servicio Agrario. Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, E-36153 Pontevedra, Spain

² Departamento de producción vegetal, Universidad de santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario, E-27002 Lugo, Spain

³ Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia, CSIC, Apdo. 122, E-15780 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.





ABSTRACT:     Grapevines form mutualistic symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that have been shown to enhance plant growth and nutrition. In the field, AM fungal populations may be low or nonexistant (in fumigated soils), suggesting the need for AM inoculation of grapevine plants at the nursery. Addition of AM fungal inoculum to rooting substrate could be an effective strategy for the nursery production of mycorrhizal plants. The effects of inoculation with the AM fungus Glomus aggregatum in rooting beds of grapevine cuttings changed root morphology, increasing branching of first-order lateral roots. When rooted cuttings were transplanted to pots, with soil sufficient in P and including indigenous AM fungi, and grown for nine months, a significant growth enhancement was found in two of the inoculated rootstocks. Glomus aggregatum, alone or in synergy with the indigenous AM fungi, seemed to have a higher affinity for 161-49 Couderc, the roots of which were more extensively colonized and exhibited a greater positive growth response.

KEYWORDS: Arbuscular mycorrhiza, grape, growth enhancement, root development.



570
Armillaria Species Infesting Vineyards in Northwestern Spain
European Journal of Plant Pathology, 110: 683-687, August 2004


Olga Aguín Casal¹, María J. Sáinz-Osés², J. Pedro Mansilla Vázquez¹²

¹ Excma. Diputación de Pontevedra. Servicio Agrario. Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, E-36153 Pontevedra, Spain

² Departamento de producción vegetal, Universidad de santiago de Compostela, E-27002 Lugo, Spain





ABSTRACT:     Twelve vineyards in northwestern Spain were studied to assess the incidence of white root rot during 1995 and 1997. In both years, diseased plant material was collected and the Armillaria species was collected and the Armillaria species responsible was identified on the basis of compatibility testing. Subsequently, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the intergenic spacer region of the nuclear ribosomal RNA gene cluster was used to identify Armillaria species in another 45 symptomatic samples submitted for diagnosis from this area. During 1995, 9 of the 12 vineyards showed white root rot, although in eight cases less than 2% of plants were affected; in the ramaining vineyard 17% of plants were diseased. During 1997, 10 of the 12 vineyards were affected and three showed a marked increase in the number of plants with the white root rot (to 43%, the vineyard in wich 17% were affected in 1995). The compatibility method detected Armillaria mellea in samples from 10 of the 12 vineyards, and Armillaria gallica in samples from two vineyards. RFLP-PCR analysis detected four restriction patterns corresponding to A. mellea, A. gallica and Armillaria cepistipes: patterns mel 1 (A. mellea, 71% of samples), mel 2 (A. mellea, 18%), gal 1 (A. gallica, 9%), and cep 1 (A. cepistipes, 2%, i.e. a single sample). This is the first report of A. gallica and A. cepistipes infecting Vitis spp. The presence of these two Armillaria species may be related to the fact that the vineyards from which they were isolated were located on cleared forestry sites.

KEYWORDS: A. cepistipes, A. mellea, RFLP-PCR, Vitis spp., white root rot.



4075
Phytophtora ramorum nuevo patógeno en España sobre Camellia japonica y Viburnum tinus
Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal y Plagas, 30: 97-111, 2004


C. Pintos Varela, J. P. Mansilla Vázquez, O. Aguin Casal

Excma. Diputación de Pontevedra. Servicio Agrario. Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, Spain



ABSTRACT:     In the present work, the first positive isolation of Phytophthora ramorum in Spain on Viburnum tinus and Camellia japonica is obtained. This pathogen was also identified on Rododendron spp. Pathogen identification was performed by means of molecular techniques and based on its distinctive morphological characteristics.

KEYWORDS: Phytophthora ramorum, ornamentals, inoculation, PCR-RFPL, nested- PCR, A1 compatibility type.



4074
Detección en España de Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor sobre Eucalyptus globulus Labill
Boletín de Sanidad Vegetal y Plagas, 30: 57-63, 2004


J. P. Mansilla1, R. Pérez1, P. Del Estal2, A. Blond3

1 Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, Spain
2 Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónimos. Unidad de Protección de los Cultivos. Cuidad Universitaria. Madrid
3 Xunta de Galicia. Consellería de Medio Ambiente. Servicio de Montes e Industrias Forestais de Pontevedra




ABSTRACT:     A new psyllid Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor was recently detected in Galicia (NW Spain). This is the first report of this psyllid on eucalyptus in Spain. The symptoms of its attack differ from those of Ctenarytaina eucalypti Maskell. Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor attacks adult shoots, and may cause leaf deformation and shoot necrosis. These symptoms were observed in some of the affected stands. However, the importance of its damage on eucalyptus productivity in plantations, as well as the actual insect distribution are still unknown.

KEYWORDS: Ctenarytaina spatulata Taylor, Spain, eucalyptus, psyllid



1178
The genus Bursaphelenchus Fuchs (Nematoda: Aphelenchida) in north-west Spain
Nematology International Journal of Fundamental and Applied Nematological Research


Adela ABELLEIRA1, Miguel ESCUER2, María ARIAS2, J. Pedro MANSILLA1

1 Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, Spain
2 Dpto Agroecología, CCMA, CSISC, Serrano 115 apdo, 280012 Madrid, Spain





ABSTRACT:     As a consequence of the report of pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in Setúbal península (Portugal), nematodes of the genus Bursaphelenchus and the vector insect were studied in pine forest, timber industries and entry points for imported timber in Galicia (north-west Spain). The aim of this paper was to contribute to the establishment of the necessary measures to prevent the introduction of B. xylophilus into Spain. Sampling, and nematode identification were carried out according to the E.U norm. From collections made in 1999-2002, a total of 2612 samples were studied. Bursaphelenchus eggersi, B. mucronatus and B. sexdentati were found, as well as Monochamus galloprovincialis, a vector cerambycid beetle. Bursaphelenchus xylophilus was not isolated. Morphometric characteristics and geographic distribution of the species are provided and the risk of introducing B. xylophilus to Spain assesed


KEYWORDS: Bursaphelenchus eggersi, B. mucronatus, B. sexdentati, pine wilt disease, Monochamus galloprovincialis, morphology




3375
Effects of Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Root Morphology and Nursery Production of Three Grapevine Rootstocks
American Journal of Enology and Viticulture; Volume 55; 2004


Olga Aguín,1 J. Pedro Mansilla,1,2 Antón Vilariño,3 María J. Sáinz.2

1 Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro.
2 Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela; Campus Universitario de Lugo
3 Instituto de Investigaciones Agrobiológicas de Galicia CSIC




ABSTRACT:     
Grapevines from mutualistic symbioses with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi that have been shown to enhance plant growth and nutrition. In the field, AM fungal populations may be low or nonexistent (in fumigated soils), suggesting the need of AM inoculation of grapevine plant at the nursery. Addition of AM fungal inoculum to rooting substrate could be an effective strategy for the nursery production of mycorrhizal plants. The effects of inoculing of three grapevines rootstocks on root morphology and growth were tested. Results indicated that inoculation with the AM fungus Glomus aggregatum in rooting beds of grapevine cutting changed root morphology, increasing branching of first-order lateral roots. When rooted cutting were transplanted to pots, with soil sufficient in P including indigenous AM fungi, and grown for nine months, a significant growth enhancement was found in two of the inoculated rootstocks. Glomus aggregatum, alone or in synergy with the indigenous AM fungi, seemed to have a higher affinity for 161-49 Couderc, the roots of wich were more extensively colonized and exhibited a greater positive growth response.

KEYWORDS: Arbuscular mycorrhiza, grape, growth enhancement, root development