Pérez-Otero, R., Mansilla-Vázquez, J.P., Salinero-Corral, M.C.

Estación Fitopatolóxica de Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, España

ABSTRACT: This work constitutes the first report of the broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus Bank on camellia in Galicia. The mite was first detected in a Galician nursery on Camellia japonica, being its symptoms also observed in C. japonica plants growing in parks and gardens in our region. Symptoms on host are stunted and malformed terminal buds and leaves become rusty, reddish or purple coloured. So far measures against this pest were not adopted, and the extent of damages this pest would cause in the future is unknown.

M.C. Salinero¹, M.P. Piñón¹, M. J. Sainz²

¹ Estación Fitopatolóxica de Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, España

² Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario, 27002 Lugo, España

ABSTRACT: In northwest Spain, insufficient chilling hours result in low budbreak and flowering, and consequently poor fruit production in orchards of Actinidia deliciosa 'Hayward'. Hydrogen cyanamide increases budbreak and flower production in this and other mild climate regions. Application of CPPU (N-[2-chloro-4-pyridyl]-N-phenylurea) after fruit set can also enhance fruit production by increasing fruit size. Field experiments were carried out to study the combined effects of hydrogen cyanamide and CPPU on fruit production in two kiwifruit orchards at Pontevedra (NW Spain).
Application of hydrogen cyanamide significantly increased fruit production, especially in one of the orchards, by 3-4 t/ha relative to the control. This effect was greater when plants received both hydrogen cyanamide and CPPU, leading to yields of 7 t/ha more than in control plots that received no treatments, and, what is more important from a practical point of view, to higher mean fruit weights and marketable production

Keywords: fruit weight, fruit production, budbreak, flowering

L. Otero¹, O. Aguín¹, M. J. Sainz², J. P. Mansillal¹²

¹ Estación Fitopatolóxica de Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, España

² Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario, 27002 Lugo, España

ABSTRACT: Mycosphaerella genus comprises more than 30 species which are reported pathogens of Eucalyptus, causing a disease known as Mycosphaerella leaf blotch (MLB) or Mycosphaerella leaf disease (MLD). The main symptoms of MLB are necrotic leaf spots, which significantly reduce photosynthetic activity in the plant and consequently its growth and timber production. Eucalypt stands were surveyed in Pontevedra, A Coruña and Lugo provinces (Galicia, NW Spain) in 2005-2007, with the aim of studying the distribution of MLB and identifying the Mycosphaerella species involved. Ninety percent of Galician eucalypt stands showed trees with MLB symptoms, young tree stands being more severely affected. By using molecular diagnostic techniques on symptomatic leaf material, nine Mycosphaerella species and the anamorph Pseudocercospora pseudoeucalyptorum were identified. Two species, M. madeirae and M. aurantia, are first reported in Spain. Mycosphaerella nubilosa can be considered as the main agent of MLB in Galicia, since it was detected in 60% of the affected eucalypts.

Keywords:: eucalypt, necrotic leaf spots, MLB, Mycosphaerella nubilosa

Carmen Salinero Corral¹, Pablo N. Mansilla Salinero

¹ Estación Fitopatolóxica de Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, España

ABSTRACT: In spite of being widely consumed, tea beverage, elaborated from shoots and leaves from Camellia sinensis, is fairly unknown. This paper aims to approach this plant to the people: history (origin, traditional uses, preparation, and introduction in the Western countries), and preparation (white tea, green tea, oolong tea, and black and red tea, and the most commonly consumed, the 'tea blend'.

Pérez Otero, R.¹, Mansilla Vázquez, J.P.¹, Salinero Corral, M.C.¹

¹ Estación Fitopatolóxica de Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, España

ABSTRACT: The broad mite Polyphagotarsonemus latus Bank, has a large host range and is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical areas around the world. This mite was first detected on Camellia japonica in a Galician nursery, and their symptoms were also observed in Camellia japonica plants growing in parks and gardens in our region. Plants affected showed stunted growth, curling of tender and young leaves (usually to leaf underside) and bronzed leaves on the underside.

Carmen Salinero ¹, Pilar Vela ¹ and María J. Sainz ²

¹ Estación Fitopatolóxica de Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, España

² Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario, 27002 Lugo, España

ABSTRACT: Camellias are known to grow best in acidic soils. The optimum pH range for C. sinensis is 5.0 to 5.5, although for other Camellia species no study has dealt with differences in soil pH requirements. In our region, Camellia japonica is the most widespread species and our nurseries sell more than three million camellia plants a year, mostly cultivars belonging to this species. Thus, in the present work, the growth response of three C. japonica and hybrid cultivars to different levels of substrate acidity was studied.

C. Pintos Varela, J. P. Mansilla Vázquez, O. Aguín Casal and C. Rial Martínez

Estación Fitopatolóxica de Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, España

ABSTRACT: Phytophthora pseudosyringae was reported to cause stem necrosis and collar rot of deciduous tree species in Europe. In 2006, symptomatic Castanea sativa seedlings were received in our laboratory. On the basis of its combination of morphological and physiological characters, pathogenicity and molecular techniques, the fungus was identified as P. pseudosyringae, being the first report of this species in Spain.

Carmen Salinero Corral

Estación Fitopatolóxica de Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, España

ABSTRACT: Aphids are a group of insects, of which more than 500 are pests occurring in different plant species, causing both direct and indirect damages. In the present work, a description of the most important aphid species , and the control measures carried out in every case are described: chemical methods, preventive measures, making special emphasis in the biological control methods using parasites and predators.

Carmen Salinero Corral

Estación Fitopatolóxica de Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, España

ABSTRACT:The genus Camellia was introduced in Galicia (NW Spain) in the 19th century and was grown mostly at Pazos belonging to the Galician nobility finding adequate conditions for its culture: rain, fertile and acid soil. At present, Camellias can be seen growing almost in every Galician garden.
Information on the introduction of these cultivars into Galicia, as well as some details of the main centres of camellia diffusion in the 19th century are given. We also include some interesting data on the history of the most important Pazos with camellias and a description of their gardens.
The generalization of camellia culture took place in the middle of the 20th century, when the fist camellia exhibits were held. A description of the evolution of these exhibits until the present time is provided. The work of the Estación Fitopatolóxica Do Areeiro since 1984 on camellia research and the creation of Spanish Camellia Society in 2003 have greatly contributed to the status Camellia has in our region.

J. Pedro Mansilla Vázquez, Rosa Pérez Otero, María González García

Estación Fitopatolóxica de Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, España

ABSTRACT: In the last years, plant pests and diseases are mainly controlled with chemicals. However, their extensive use has caused important damage to the environment, thus, at present, institutions responsible for crop protection are reducing the number of chemicals available in the market, limiting or prohibiting the use of those that would mean a risk for human or animal health, or that could affect beneficial organisms living in nature. Plants themselves provide control measures, by producing substances with insecticide effects, popularly known as 'botanical insecticides' or 'botanicals'. There are also some minerals that have the same properties, they are called 'mineral insecticides'. In the present work some of these natural pesticides are described, providing information on their effects on pests, and some guidelines on how to prepare them.

A. Picoaga, A. Abelleira, J.P. Mansilla

Estación Fitopatolóxica de Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, España

ABSTRACT: At present, the use of pesticides is being limited, in favor of biological control agents that reduce insect pests affecting plant species all around the world. The entomopathogenic nematodes are insect parasitoids highly effective as bioinsectides, since they are symbiotically associated with bacteria that kill the host insect within 24-48 h. These organisms are being used successfully to control soil insect pests, such as weevils, scarabs or crane flies.

Keywords: Heterorhabditis, Steinernema, biopesticide, carpophagous, chestnut.

Carmen Salinero ¹, Pilar Vela ¹, María J. Sainz ²

¹ Estación Fitopatolóxica de Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, España

² Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario, 27002 Lugo, España

ABSTRACT: In Galicia, almost every park and garden has a specimen of Camellia japonica, the ornamental camellia species more widespread in the world. In Galicia, the blooming period of C. japonica generally extends from September to May, but there are important differences among cultivars that have not been studied so far. The knowledge of camellia blooming period is crucial to facilitate culture practices and for its commercialization.
The aim of the present work was to study the differences in the blooming period of 54 C. japonica cultivars growing in the Estación Fitopatolóxica de Areeiro garden and belonging to the Camellia live collection of the Diputación Provincial de Pontevedra. . From 2001 to 2003, plants were inspected, recording the plant stage twice a week. The phenological scale proposed by Salinero et al. (2002) was followed.

Carmen Salinero Corral

Estación Fitopatolóxica de Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, Pontevedra, España

ABSTRACT: In the last years, plant pests and diseases are mainly controlled with chemicals. However, their extensive use has caused important damage to the environment, thus, at present, institutions responsible for crop protection are reducing the number of chemicals available in the market, limiting or prohibiting the use of those that would mean a risk for human or animal health, or that could affect beneficial organisms living in nature. Plants themselves provide control measures, by producing substances with insecticide effects, popularly known as 'botanical insecticides' or 'botanicals'. There are also some minerals that have the same properties, they are called 'mineral insecticides'. In the present work some of these natural pesticides are described, providing information on their effects on pests, and some guidelines on how to prepare them.