UNIDAD ASOCIADA "SISTEMAS AGROFORESTALES": ESTACIÓN FITOPATOLÓXICA DO AREEIRO - MISIÓN BIOLÓGICA DE GALICIA |
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Home » Publications » Papers in scientific journals and popular science publications » 2009 |
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Diversity of
vegetative compatibility types, mating types and occurrence of hypovirulence in
Cryphonectria parasitica populations in NW Spain IVth International Chestnut Symposium. Acta Hort. 844, ISHS 2009 Pag: 381-386 |
O. Aguín¹, D. Montenegro¹, M.J. Sainz², M. Hermida¹ and J.P. Mansilla¹ ¹Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro. Deputación de Pontevedra. Subida a la Robleda s/n, E-36153 Pontevedra, Spain. efa@efa-dip.org ²Departamento de Producción Vegetal. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario, E-27002 Lugo, Spain. E-mail: mjsainz@lugo.usc.es ABSTRACT: Chestnut
blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica, is widely spread in chestnut
stands all over the world. At present, the most promising prospects to control
the disease are based on the knowledge of its fungal populations in affected
stands and the use of hypovirulent strains. A survey was carried out to study
the biology of C. parasitica populations in chestnut stands in Lugo and
Ourense provinces (NW Spain), determining the diversity of vegetative
compatibility types (vc), mating type diversity and occurrence of hypovirulent
strains. A total of 612 isolates were obtained, most showing a virulent
phenotype. Only four isolates, from Lugo province, showed the presence of
dsRNA, which was indicative of hypovirulence. Hypovirus molecular
characterization of these isolates determined they belonged to subtype E of
Cryphonectria hypovirus-1 (CHV1-E).The diversity of vegetative
compatibility types was very low. Only 9 vc types were found, being five of
them present in both provinces. Four vc types were compatible with the known
European testers (EU1, EU9, EU66 and EU72), and the other five corresponded to
types being only found so far in NW Spain, named E1-E5. The dominant vc types
in both populations were E1, E2 and E3, being present in 97% of the isolates.
Two hypovirulent strains were compatible with vc type E1, one with vc type E2
and one with vc type E3. The study of mating types showed that the idiomorph
MAT-1 was predominant in both populations. Its mainly asexual reproduction, the
low rate of diversity of compatibility types and the detection of hypovirulent
strains compatible with dominant vc types are factors favouring the application
of a biological control program in affected stands in NW
Spain. |
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Selection of
Castanea sativa Mill. for Resistance to Phytophthora cinnamomi:
Testing of Selected Clones. IVth International Chestnut Symposium. Acta Hort. 844, ISHS 2009 Pag: 395-403 |
B. Cuenca¹, M.R. Fernández¹, L. Ocaña¹, C. Salinero², C. Pintos², J.P. Mansilla² and C. Rial² ¹TRAGSA Departamento de Mejora Agroforestal. Crta. Maceda-Valdrey, km.2. 32700 Maceda. Ourense. Spain. bcuenca@tragsa.es ²Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro (Diputación de Pontevedra), Subida a la Robleda s/n. 36153 Pontevedra. efa@efa-dip.org ABSTRACT: Between 2000
and 2005, TRAGSA conducted a EUREKA project funded by the Spanish Government,
for the exhaustive prospecting of Castanea sativa trees in Galicia.
Third Forest National Inventory and Forest Map were used, localising ink
disease severely affected areas, where chestnut was first or second species.
206 trees were selected throughout 18,808.84 ha in 1 and 2 Bouhier's regression
areas. These clones were established for in vitro propagation (Cuenca et
al, 2005) as well as tested for resistance by inoculating excised shoots of
adult material (Robin et al, 2006). Results of these tests were not repetitive
due to the high dependence on the physiology of material coming from the field.
Therefore, acclimated vitroplants of the selected trees were produced when
possible, and root inoculation was conducted. At the same time, an in
vitro test (Rial and col., 2007) was also carried out to determine a
possible correlation between both types of tests and therefore the possibility
of performing the in vitro test for the rest of the collection.
Physiology of acclimated vitroplants seemed to have an important influence on
the result of root inoculation, as all the clones tested during spring or early
summer died in a percentage higher than those tested at the end of summer. From
the 18 clones tested from May to July, 3 of them survived in a percentage
higher than 75%, and one of them presented no ink disease symptoms. When clones
were tested in vitro, all the explants died. There seems to be some
relation between resistance and time to express the symtomps in vitro, so the
more resistant the clone is, the longer it takes to die. Molecular
characterization by SSRs (Yamamoto and col., 2003) for those clones presenting
resistance features is on process to know if they are pure sativa
genotypes or resistance is due to the presence of Asiatic
alleles. |
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Coleópteros
xilófagos asociados a las masas de Pinus pinaster aiton de
Galicia. Estudio comparativo 2005-2008 BOLETÍN DE SANIDAD VEGETAL Volumen 35 Nº4 2009 4º Trimestre Pag:571-580 |
R. Pérez-Otero, R. Nicolás, A. B. Castro-García, J. P. Mansilla Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro. Subida a la Robleda s/n. 36153 Pontevedra ABSTRACT: This article
shows the captures of xylophagous insects collected using Lindgren traps in
pine woods of the Galicia region, in north-western Spain, during the years 2005
to 2008. Major species, their distribution in each region during the year and
also the presence of predators is reported. During the research a significant
diversity of Scolytidae (34 species) was noticed and also
Cerambycidae and some other wood-boring families. The final number of
captures showed in most cases dependence to the number of traps installed and
their location. Nevertheless, mean values show an increment in the species of
insects captured after the fires that threatened most forests of the region in
2006 and also their number and their predators have
increased. |
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Materias activas
registradas en camelia en Europa PARTE I: ACARICIDAS E INSECTICIDAS Publicación de la Sociedad Española de la Camelia Nº14 June 2009 Page:27-31 |
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Pérez Otero, Rosa; Gago García, Javier; Mansilla Vázquez, J. Pedro Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro. Subida a la Robleda s/n. 36153 Pontevedra ABSTRACT: The use of chemicals to control pests and diseases affecting plant species is a common practice. However, sometimes it is unknown which are the most efficient products, which are registered for each species and those available in the market. This work lists the active ingredients of acaricides and insecticides currently registered in Spain Germany and Italy for camellia, according to the (Directive) 91/414 CEE concerning the placing of plant protection products on the market and the infectious agents. |
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Aplicación de
técnicas de polinización de apoyo para mejorar el calibre del
kiwi Revista de Fruticultura, Nº1 September - October 2009 |
M.C. Salinero¹, P. Piñón¹, M.J. Sainz², M.V. Andrés³ ¹ Deputación de Pontevedra. Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro. www.efa-dip.org ² Departamento Producción Vexetal. Universidad de Santiago de Compostela ³ Agroseguro. www.agroseguro.es ABSTRACT: Although
Actinidia fruit demand is high nowadays, supply is gradually increasing
and the existing competition in the market compels us to obtain a large fruit
production of homogeneous size, weighing more than 100 g but maintaining
adequate sensory parameters and being at the same time healthy and ecological.
An adequate pollination influences the final size of the fruit. The maximum
number of seeds per fruit is obtained only when a large number of pollen grains
reach the stigmatic surface (Hopping and Hacking, 1983). Thus, a fruit of 100 g
contains from 1000 to 1500 seeds. Adequate management practices complemented
with the application of pollen from other orchards and the development of
methods to disseminate the pollen within the same orchard are crucial to
improve kiwifruit size. The aim of the present work was to study the effect of
several pollination techniques to improve 'Hayward' fruit size in commercial
kiwifruit plantations. |
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1317 | |
First Report of
Cylindrocladium buxicola on Buxus sempervirens in
Spain Plant Disease June 2009, Volume 93 Page: 670 |
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C. Pintos Varela, B. González Penalta, J. P. Mansilla Vázquez, O. Aguín Casal Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, 36153 Pontevedra, España. ABSTRACT: Cylindrocladium buxicola Henricot, included in the EPPO alert list until November 2008, causes a dangerous foliar disease on Buxus spp. that has been recorded in several European countries and New Zealand (3,4). Buxus sempervirens L. (common boxwood) is one of the oldest ornamental garden plants in Europe. In September 2008, we received 10 2- to 3-year-old potted plants of B. sempervirens cv. Suffruticosa from a nursery in Galicia (northwest Spain) where 60% of the plants were affected and had finally defoliated. Diseased plants showed dark brown-to-black spots on the leaves and black streaks on the stems (3,4). To induce sporulation, diseased leaves and stem pieces were incubated in damp chambers at 22°C. A Cylindrocladium sp. was obtained. Four single conidial isolates were plated onto carnation leaf agar under near-UV light at 25°C for 7 days (2,3). Only conidiophores of the isolates growing on the surface of the carnation leaves were examined microscopically (1,3). Macroconidiophores were comprised of a stipe, a stipe extension, a terminal vesicle, and a penicillate arrangement of fertile branches (2). The stipe extension was septate, hyaline, and 90 to 165 × 2 to 4.5 µm (from the highest primary branch to the vesicle tip) (1) terminating in an ellipsoidal vesicle (6 to 11 µm in diameter) with a papillate apex. The widest part of the vesicle was above the middle. Primary branches were mainly aseptate or one septate (12 to 35 × 3 to 6 µm), secondary branches were aseptate (11 to 21 × 3 to 6 µm), and tertiary branches were rare. Each terminal branch produced two to five phialides (9 to 20 × 2.5 to 5 µm) that were reniform and aseptate. Conidia were cylindrical, straight, and one septate (56 to 75 × 4 to 6 µm). Chlamydospores were dark brown and aggregated to form microsclerotia. Cardinal temperatures of Cylindrocladium isolates on 2% malt extract agar ranged from 7 to 28°C (optimum 25°C). The 5' end of the ß-tubulin gene was amplified using primers T1 and Bt2b (3), and PCR products were sequenced directly and deposited in GenBank (Accession No. FJ696535). Comparison of the sequence with others available in GenBank showed 100% homology with those previously identified as C. buxicola (Accession Nos. AY078123 and AY078118). Pathogenicity of one representative isolate was confirmed by inoculating stems and leaves of four 3- to 4-yearold plants of B. sempervirens cv. Suffruticosa. Leaves were inoculated by spraying a spore suspension of the fungus (1 × 106 conidia per ml). For the stems, agar pieces of 1-week-old cultures grown on malt extract agar were placed and sealed with Parafilm. As a control, four plants were inoculated with agar malt plugs and sterile distilled water. Plants were incubated at 22°C and 95% humidity. Symptoms identical to ones previously described appeared 4 days after inoculation. C. buxicola was reisolated from inoculated plants but not from the controls. On the basis of morphological and physiological characteristics, pathogenicity, and the DNA sequencing of the ß-tubulin gene, the isolates obtained from B. sempervirens were identified as C. buxicola (3). To our knowledge, this is the first report of C. buxicola on B. sempervirens in Spain. |
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Fusarium
circinatum Nirenberg & O´Donell: TELEOMORFO Gibberella
circinata Forestra Page: 9-11 |
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C. Pintos Varela, B. González Penalta, J. P. Mansilla Vázquez, O. Aguín Casal Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, 36153 Pontevedra, España. ABSTRACT: Pine pitch canker is a severe disease caused by the fungus Fusarium circinatum, which affects several pine species, mainly Pinus radiata , Pinus sylvestris, Pinus pinaster, Pinus pinea, Pinus canariensis and Pseudotsuga menziessi. The disease was first observed in 1946 in North Carolina, and quickly widespread to other states in USA. In 1996 the fungus was identified in California, becoming epidemic and mainly affecting Pinus radiata. So far, the disease was detected in Mexico, USA, Japan, Iraq, South Africa, Chile, Spain and Haiti. |
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Reflejo en la Vid
(Vitis vinifera L. ) var. Albariño de las Modificaciones
Inducidas tras el Encalado de un Suelo Alumínico Presente y futuro de la Nutrición Mineral de las Plantas Pag: 1.029 - 1.041 |
M.J. Lema1; M. Tubio2; R. Freijido; P. Rodríguez 1 Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, 36153 Pontevedra, España. mse@efa-dip.org 2 Viticultores Martín Códax SCG. Burgáns, 91. Vilariño. 36633. Cambados. PO ABSTRACT: Grapevine
(Vitis vinifera L.) var. Albariño, representative of the
Denomination of Origin Rías Baixas develops well in acid soils. The aim
of the present work is to evaluate the evolution of a natural soil recently
transformed for grapevine, using the foliar composition as a diagnosis tool for
nutrition. The response to the application of three limestone products on the
evolution of diverse fertility parameters was studied. On the other hand, the
nutritional composition of limbs and petioles on fruit set and veraison was
determined; these results were compared to those obtained in six productive
plantations. Results show that dosages could correct the superficial layer of
the soil but acidity persisted in depth. On the other hand, the use of
different materials has been reflected in the composition of the plant: calcium
in the limb and magnesium in both organs. In addition, the concentration of N,
K, Ca and Mg in the limb is proximate to the weighted average value, due to the
higher relative weight of this part of the leaf. We can conclude that the
minimum dosages necessary to correct acidity are not enough to transform
natural soils, such as it occurs in this assay; on the other hand, given that
the limb accurately reflects the nutritional condition of grapevine, this will
be the selected organ to be diagnosed, especially when the problem is caused by
the low amount of calcium. |
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Efecto del Abonado y
Control de la Cubierta Vegetal en las Propiedades Organolépticas del
Fruto del Kiwi Presente y futuro de la Nutrición Mineral de las Plantas Page: 1.029 - 1.041 |
C. Salinero1, P. Piñón1*, M. J. Lema1, L. Martínez 2, F. Veloso 3 1 Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, 36153 Pontevedra, España. ppesteban@efa-dip.org 2 The Trading House Amodia, Rúa Amizade 5. 36600 Vilagarcía de Arousa. España 3 Soc. Agricola Lda. Kiwi Iberica. S. Pedro da Torre, 4930 Valença. Portugal ABSTRACT: In our
latitude, expectations of the kiwifruit sector regarding kiwi productions with
high yields and an adequate fruit size have been fulfilled. Thus, at present,
this sector is focusing their efforts towards the quality improvement of fruit
sensory properties, highly demanded by the consumer, so as to be competitive in
the international market. There are several sensory properties that determine
quality in kiwifruit. A kiwifruit is considered to have a good flavour quality
standard, when the content rate of soluble solids (ºBrix) is the highest
when consumed. Dry matter is another parameter internationally accepted as an
indicator of the "intrinsic" quality of kiwifruit. The acidity and the starch
content also play an important role on the attainment of these quality
standards. The aim of the present work is to determine the effect of
fertilization and training (T- bar or pergola) on content and evolution of
these sensory parameters. Assays were performed during 2007 in kiwi orchards in
Northern Portugal (Kiwi Ibérica S.A.), taking fruit samples every 15
days from fruit set (phenological stage H) until harvest. Then, sensory
properties of these fruits were analyzed according to AOAC internationally
recognized methods. Results showed that fertilization influenced significantly
dry matter, soluble solids, starch content and acidity. In our environmental
conditions, additional fertilization had a negative effect on the sensory
parameters. Studied parameters did not show any difference between plants with
different degrees of sun exposure. |
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Método
rápido para la propagación de helechos
ornamentales Plantflor Nº133 Year 22 - 2009 Page: 82-85 |
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A. Barros1, C. Salinero1, P. Vela1 y M.J. Sainz2 1 Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, 36153 Pontevedra, España. abarros@efa-dip.org 2 Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario, 27002 Lugo, España ABSTRACT: Although some tree ferns can be propagated by rhizome division, the propagation method currently used is by spores. However, this method could be difficult in some cases in which environmental conditions (temperature, light and moisture) are not adequate for fern development. In the present work, 6 species belonging to 3 genera were selected: Cyathea cooperi, C. contaminans, C. tsangii, Pteris incompleta, P. cretica and Asplenium nidus, as they can be cultivated both indoors and outdoors. The germination rate of the spores of all species was high, thus producing a large number of specimens. The average duration of fern development from sowing to the end of the acclimation period was 6 months for the six species estudied. Differences among them were observed in the time of prothallus emergence and on their acclimation period. |
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1254 | |
Phenological growth
stages of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa 'Hayward') Scientia Horticulturae 121 (2009) 27-31 |
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M.C. Salineroa, P. Velaa, M.J. Sainzb a Estación Fitopatolóxica do Areeiro, Subida a la Robleda s/n, 36153 Pontevedra, España b Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Campus Universitario, 27002 Lugo, España ABSTRACT: The
phenological growth stages of Hayward kiwifruit vines are described using the
BBCH scale. Detailed descriptions of principal growth stages for bud, leaf and
shoot development, inflorescence emergence, flowering, fruit development,
maturity of fruit, and senescence, and 36 secondary growth stages are provided.
Some practical applications of the BBCH scale for kiwifruit orchard management
are discussed. |
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